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lunedì 2 giugno 2025

Vlora on the Rise: Between Agglomeration Pressures and the Challenge of Sustainable Development

Nga Luiza Hoxhaj

From the series: Reflections on urban agglomeration in Albania and the Balkans



A city on the brink of transformation

In recent years, the city of Vlora has been experiencing a significant demographic and spatial transformation. A combination of internal migration, investment in infrastructure, increased interest from the diaspora, and the rise of tourism has turned Vlora into one of the fastest-growing urban centers in Albania. But is this growth synonymous with sustainable development? Or are we facing a new chapter of urban agglomeration, with all its opportunities and challenges?

Agglomeration: A Double-Edged Sword

Urban agglomeration refers to the geographic concentration of people, firms, and economic activity. It often brings with it increased productivity, access to services, and innovation. However, if left unmanaged, it can also lead to congestion, unaffordable housing, social inequality, environmental degradation, and reduced quality of life.

In Vlora, these dynamics are unfolding rapidly. The coastline, a natural and economic asset, is under increasing pressure from construction. Informal expansion into peri-urban areas raises questions of spatial justice and adequate planning. Meanwhile, the historical city center, with its cultural and architectural value, risks being overshadowed by real estate development that is often detached from local identity.

What Makes Vlora Different?

Vlora’s transformation is not just a local story – it reflects broader regional trends. But Vlora’s positioning as a coastal city, a tourism magnet, and a strategic maritime hub gives its development a unique character.

Unlike Tirana, whose urban sprawl is largely driven by centralization and administrative functions, Vlora is shaped more directly by its natural landscape, port infrastructure, and the seasonal rhythm of tourism. As such, the city's growth must consider not only the volume of new buildings but also their relationship to the coast, ecosystems, and cultural heritage.

Risks of Unmanaged Growth

Some of the most visible risks include:

  • Urban sprawl without infrastructure: New residential areas, especially in the suburbs, often lack water supply, sewage systems, green spaces, and public transportation.
  • Tourism-driven overbuilding: Seasonal demand is encouraging developments that remain empty much of the year, putting pressure on land use without contributing sustainably to the local economy.
  • Loss of identity: As architecture becomes more standardized and less responsive to the Mediterranean and local character, the city risks losing the essence that makes it attractive.

Can Vlora Remain a Livable City?

The key question is not whether Vlora will grow – that is already happening – but how it will grow. Urban planning must shift from permissive expansion to a proactive and inclusive management of space.

Some strategic directions include:

  • Strengthening local governance: Empowering municipal planning authorities and enhancing public participation.
  • Protecting the coastline: Enforcing clear regulations to safeguard beaches, dunes, and the marine ecosystem.
  • Prioritizing public spaces: Designing parks, pedestrian zones, and waterfront promenades that serve both residents and visitors.
  • Encouraging mixed-use development: Reducing dependency on car-based mobility and creating walkable neighborhoods.

Conclusion: Between Potential and Responsibility

Vlora’s rise is a testament to its potential – a vibrant city with natural beauty, cultural depth, and economic ambition. But the pressure of agglomeration makes it more urgent than ever to plan for the long term. Balancing growth with environmental protection, economic inclusion, and social cohesion is not a luxury; it is a necessity.

In the Mediterranean, the cities that thrive are not those that grow the fastest, but those that grow with vision, care, and a deep understanding of place. Will Vlora be among them?

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💬 This article is part of a series of reflections on urban agglomeration in Albania and the Balkans, with a focus on coastal cities that are experiencing new development pressures. Read also: “Tirana on the Rise: Urban Agglomeration as Challenges and Opportunities”

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